Effects of the amount and composition of the forest floor on emergence and early establishment of loblolly pine seedlings
نویسنده
چکیده
Five forest floor weights (0. ID, 20, 30, and 40 MgJha), three forest floor compositions (pine, pine-hardwood, and hardwood), and two seed placements (forest floor and soil surface) were tested in a three-factorial. split-plot design with four incomplete, randomized blocks. The experiment was conducted in a nursery setting and used wooden frames to define 0.145-mZ subplots. Forest floor composition had no significant effect on emergence or establishment of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Numbers of emerging and established seedlings displayed a negative exponential relationship with forest floor weight (fit indices of 0.62 and 0.62, respectively). Seed placement significantly affected the number of emerging seedlings (forest floor > soil surface) and their survival (forest floor < soil surface). However. seed placement had no overall significant effect on the number of established seedlings because effects on emergence and survival essentially canceled out. Germ~nation of herbaceous seeds in the soil bank also displayed a negative exponential trend with forest floor weight (fit indices of 0.46 and 0.50 for the weight of grasses and forbs, respectively) and was not significantly affected by forest floor composition. Results indicate that forest floor composition is not a factor in the natural regeneration of the pine component of mixed pine-hardwood stands and suggest that when pine seed production is adequate, moderate amounts of forest floor material will improve pine seedling development because of suppression of herbaceous vegetation. Resume : Cinq masses de couverture morte (0, 10, 20, 30 et 40 Mglha), trois compositions de couverture morte (pin. pin-feuillus, feuillus) et deux positions des semences (couverture morte et surface du sol) ont ete testees B I'aide d'un dispositif en tiroirs avec quatre blocs aleatoires incomplets, selon un plan factoriel a trois facteurs. L'experience a etC menee dans une pepinikrc en utilisant des cadres dc bois pour delimiter des sous-parcelles de 0,145 m'. La composition dc la couverture morte n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur I'irnergence ou I'etablissement des semis de pin B encens (Pinus rardu L.). 14e nombre de semis emerges ct Ctablis a dkmontre une relation exponentielle negative avec la masse de la couverture morte (indices d'ajustement de 0.62 et 0-61 respectivement). La position de la semence a influence significai~vernent le nombre de semis emergis (couverture morte > surface du sol) de mSme que leur survie (couverture nlorte < surface du sol). Toutefois, la position de la semence n'a pas eu d'effet d'ensemble significatif sur le nombre de semis itablis parcc que les effets sur l'ernergence et la survie tendaient 6 s'annuler. La germination des semences des herbacees dc la banque du sol presentait aussi une tendance exponent~elie n i g a t i ~ e avec la rnassc de la couverture mortc (indices d'ajustement de 0.46 et 0.50 pour la masse des graminees et autres herbacies, respectivrment) et n'etait pas significativement influencee par la composition de la couvcrturc morte. Les r6sultats indiquent que la composition de la couverture morte ne constltue pas un facteur important dans la regenirat~on nnturelle du pin des peuplements mixtes et suggtlrent que, lorsque la production de semences du pin est adequate. une irnportance rnoyenne de la couverture morte favorisera Ir dt5veloppement des semis de pin en reduisant l'importance de la vegetation herback. [Traduit par la Redaction] Received March 4. 1994 Accepted December 12, 1994. M.G. Shelton. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research S t a t ~ o r ~ . Box 3516, Monticello. AR 71656-35 16. U.S.A. Can. J. For. Res. 25: 480-486 (1995). Printed i n Canada / Irrlprime au Canada
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